Scaling in the Ice

For many people, to make familiar itself to the ice means to drink something frozen. The worse one that it can seem to happen is brain to congeal. But the insane people for adventure pass hours and until days with the face against one glacier or waterfall (in English) frozen, using pickaxes and ropes to scale a fine, rugosa and threatening surface. The taste for the danger. I go to fall in a glacier crack? My body goes to congeal? Uma avalanche it goes to appear of the nothing? He is it who makes these practitioners if to get passionate for this sport.

The scaling in ice evolved of scaling in rock e other montanhistas activities. In high altitudes, the escaladores needed to know as to sail in frozen and slippery areas, while a mountain or face of rock went up. Eventually, they had started to develop specialized tools and equipment to surpass such frozen areas. With the time, the escaladores had started to only look for also for scalings in ice.

We can say that the sprouting of the scaling in ice occurred in 1908, when a escalador, Oscar Eckenstein, created dentated claws called bases of chainses, that they were incased under of the boot. These chainses allowed that the escalador got traction in the slippery ice. Before the invention of chainses, the escaladores needed to use cut-I pass, a laborious method to open areas in the snow and the ice with a pickaxe or machadinha, to create a track.

In years 30, the escalador Laurent Grivel made another significant advance. It added sharp canine tooth leaving the front of chainses, allowing that the escaladores sailed on the extreme ice. Then, in years 60, Yvon Chouniard, that it decided to create the line of Patagonia clothes, revolutionized design of axes for ice. First, it it reduced the size of 25 counts (63,5 cm) for 22 counts (55,8 cm). Later, it changed the format of the traditional pickaxe, that at the time was straight line in a flat angle until the handle. This flat angle was finishes for the scaling in regular ice, but it was not efficient for more abundant snow and ice. The bending pickaxe entered more easily in the ice and also it was more easy of being removed.

Today, many equipment of security and tools become the scaling in ice accessible any one. You can frequentar scaling lessons; it can make scaled less extenuantes under sun, or to undertake scaled advanced of some days in temperatures below-freezing. With the correct training, almost everybody obtains to scale in the ice, contanto that the cardiovascular condition is excellent and also a good ratio weight/force. Specialists recommend specific exercises to prepare its body for the first scaling, being included agachamentos, deadlifts, overhead press, flexões, step and bars.

Equipment for scaling in ice

The scaling in ice requires different equipment of scaling in rock common. The equipment for scaling in ice specialized of today evolved from the traditional tools for scaling to allow to more flexibility and security in the ice and in snow. They are tons of tools to choose, depending on its ability, its land and the personal preference.

The tools for the ice are the parts most important and more expensive than a necessary escalador. When the escaladores say on tools for the ice, them are if relating what the people generally call axes. In fact, a tool for ice acts as one machadinha. You make right the ice with it and she uses it as a support them legs when going up. The head of the tool possesss two sides, with a pickaxe of a side and in the other, one adze, tool similar to the used slitter to open holes in the ice, or hammer. Two varieties of tools for ice exist: traditional and leashless (without leather strap).

© istockphoto.com/Adventure Photo Axe for ice

Uma traditional tool for ice it includes a leather strap that you mooring cable in the hands to help it not to lose it the tool. It is well easy to knock down a tool and its does not go to serve for nothing will be fallen the 20 feet (6 meters) below of you. A tool with leather strap also is useful case you loses its track and needs to be hung in the ice until reaching it again. It is clearly that its rope and the handles also will go to hold it, and its tool for ice will not be the only protection.

tool for ice without leather strap, on the other hand, it is less desconfortável and with it it is more easy to change of tools when you it will not be moored to the equipment. The tools without leather straps are if becoming each more popular time it enters the experienced escaladores because of flexibility. They are available in some weights and sizes, and many escaladores load some tools, depending on the type of scaling they will make. Os preços de ferramentas para neve variam entre US$100 e $350.

As we mention previously, the chainses are necessary a escalador to get traction on the snow and the ice. As constraints, chainses they are metal tips that leave the boots underneath and sink in the ice while you scale. You can arrest or moor chainses under of the boots or using boots with inlaid chainses. You also need to decide if she wants to use chainses with points one or two. The chainses generally possess tips that leave the part of the front of the footwear and generally they make the first contact with the ice. Chainses of a point they possess an only point in the front, whereas chainses of colon they possess colon in the front. Each type has its advantages. Of a point they tend to be more flexible stops mixing scalings, when the land varies of ice for rock during the course of a scaling. The chainses of a point better offer penetration in the ice and of colon they offer more stability, however little penetration. Some chainses also present spurs.

© istockphoto.com/Robert Caucino Escalador uses boots with chainses

The escaladores if protect against falls with the use of screws for ice e ropes. They call this process protection. While its scaling progresses, you place screws for ice in strategical areas and she arrests them in a rope that will save its life, case you falls. Well placed screws obtain to support hundreds of pounds or kilos of force. But one remembers: the screws for ice are only so resistant how much the ice where you it screwed them. We will say more on measures of security for scaling in the ice in this article.

If helmet does not forget it! You it will need it to protect the head and the eyes of the ice pieces that fall. E, is clearly, clothes and appropriate gloves for the cold climate will be necessary.

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Exploration of caves

The caves represent the final border of the nature - an underground universe of labyrinths, pressed spaces, great holes, deep, small cracks waterfalls (in English), quaint creatures and extraordinary natural sculptures to the wait to be discovered.

exploration of caves it is a recreativo sport, but the nobody more flame thus. The term that we will use here is caving.

Caving, as well as diving with diving equipment or to scale mountains, he is very dangerous. Caves adjusted for strolls in family exist for where if it can walk in a way of rocks. E has others where many meters are necessary of crawl and descendings the holes without deep.

Stephen L. Alvarez/National Geographic/Getty Images
The caves, as this in Cueva de Villa Luz, Mexico, offers some surprising scenes

Thousands of caves in the United States exist and more than 100 are opened to the public for guided strolls and expeditions [source: National association of Caves (in English)]. More than 200 specific clubs in the United States offer to organized excursions the distant caves, teach practical advanced of caving and participate of programs of conservation of caves.

The man explores the caves since the remote times. Modern archaeologists had discovered evidences of that, old, the people saw the caves as local sacred where they carried through religious rituals. In the prehistoric period, the caves were attractive housings that offered steady temperatures in its interior and protected against bad weather. The caves already had also served of hiding place for treasures and possess ideal environments to age cheeses e wines. They also are excellent natural laboratories for scientific discoveries.

Equipment of caving

The part most important of the equipment of caving is the light. Specialists recommend that you she has three independent sources of light. Most basic it is the light bulb in the head, canine tooth firmly in a helmet. Other sources of light could be portable lanterns, luminous batons or small LEDs. You must load some light bulbs e batteries reserve for each source of light.

Michael K. Nichols/National Geographic/Getty Images
The height of the fantastic hole of the Ellison cave is of 179 m. Pretty, yes, but dangerous without the adequate equipment.

Its helmet must take care of to the rigorous norms of security of certification UIAA (Union Internationale DES Associations d' Alpinisme - International Union of the Associations of Alpinismo) or CE (European Community - European Community). E is certifyd of that the light bulb frontal is well firm in the helmet before leaving house.

What you go to dress during caving depends on the type of cave that it intends to visit. Many caves are cold (of 10 -15ºC), therefore you must place some layers of clothes. The National Society of Espeleologia recommends weaveeed synthetic, as nylon and polyester, instead of cotton, therefore the synthetic material tends to dry more fast if to wet, beyond to be more resistant the rips, common in caving.

It discovers everything that will be able on the cave that it desires to explore. If it will have the possibility of you if to wet, carregue a clothes exchange. Other articles that you can lead are boots of walked impermeable, gloves, clothes of low thermal, beyond joelheiras and cotoveleiras for long days of I crawl.

You it will have that to lead food e water sufficients for the programmed period of the trip (perhaps a little more for precaution). If it will have one map of the cave, it makes copies and it gives to each person who will be together, same that it has a guide.

You it must have a kit first-aid in case of cuts and hurt. It sees if all are loading the medicines that porventura they need to take. You it will have that to take plastic bags to place any surplus of food and dirty clothes.

A general rule of conservation of the caves is not to leave nothing in the cave absolutely, therefore, for the physiological necessities, all will have that to have a plastic bottle for piss, hygienical paper and a small rigid plastic container for “number two”.

Some other useful equipment for the exploration of caves are camera with flash (it prefers the models dismissable to prevent to break an expensive equipment), magnifying glass, paper e penxs e the universal solution for any problem - adhesive ribbon.

Now, we will see some important considerações of security to if practising caving, beyond the best techniques to protect you and its group.

Ski touring

What you have when combines tracks (in English) with skis (in English) of free descending? If its reply it will be “very work,” you with certainty not yet knows the diversion proportionate for ski touring (or alpine touring). Although the stroll requires physical effort very, the extra effort rewards it valley, since ski touring it takes off you of the tracks already known to discover snow (in English) cool and spectacular sights.

© iStockphoto.com/Ben Blankenburg A professional esquiador goes down for alternative tracks

If he will be ready to jump the part of the ferry cable and to try the ski in alternative routes, you will need extra equipment and a good guide. ski touring not necessarily it requires a different equipment of what what you use in the ski cross-country or of free descending (downhill), but the investment in specialized articles can become the adventure more appreciable insurance and.

How much to the time, to scale one mountain (em inglês) coberta de gelo pode levar algumas horas e, considerando que subir fazendo trilha irá lhe render somente uma descida com o esqui, você poderia passar um dia inteiro ou até algumas semanas praticando esse esporte.

One of the biggest attractions of ski touring it is the sensation of that you it entered in a forest not yet discovered. The popularity of the sport is growing, but still many hills exist that had been never touched by other esquiadores. Then you it will feel the snow cool making racket (or sliding) while it explores the territory.

Before leaving to find the next mountain empty, you it will need some information, since what to lead with who to even travel. The traditional tracks of ski are marked and defined, but intocadas of ski touring generally they are not regulated by one resort of ski, what it means that you will depend on a specialized guide so that it does not finish skiing on a cliff, having caused one avalanche.

Equipment for the ski touring

© iStockphoto.com/Roberto Caucino The skis of ski touring they are shorter and wide of what the majority

The main difference enters ski touring e ski (in English) alpine it is as to arrive at the top of the mountain. The stroll, you it will be trusting its proper feet, instead of seating in the comfortable chair of the ferry cable. It thinks about this sport as being a combination of ski cross-country free e of descending, with a small one scaling de montanha no meio.

The equipment of ski touring she is similar to the one of the free ski of descending and some people use the same material for both. The biggest difference (and advantage) of the equipment stop ski touring it is that it is generally lighter and flexible of what what you would use in the prepared tracks (also known as on-piste). It is easy to load and he will not sink in the cool snow. The traditional heavier and rigid equipment functions better in the tracks with beaten snow.

As well as the skis of cross-country, they leave its free heels for the necessary walked one for the scaling of the mountain. But when he will be ready to ski, you can arrest the heel to the ski with fasteners. The skis stop ski touring they are shorter and wide to facilitate the maneuver and so that you it does not sink in the snow. The boots are lighter, flexible and comfortable of what for skis of free descending. The connecting rods of ski touring they are longer of what the others, therefore they also are used as walked supports for. But they are made of carbon fiber material, then still they are very light.

Then, you are in its skis, soon to excuse the ferry cable and to walk mountain above (in linguajar of ski, this is called “conquering its curves”). Probably, its next question is: how I go up a mountain walking with skis? It is there that they enter skins, that they are imprisoned straps in the low part of of the skis increasing the traction during the ascent. Of a side, skin he is hard to guarantee a good footprint. Thus, you do not go to slide mountain below. Of the other, also they are soft to slide for the snow. Then, when arriving at the top, you it removes skins, it capsizes for the other side and it arrests again in the opposing direction for the descending of the mountain. They were made of animal skin of truth (from there the name), but today generally of moleskin, weaveeed one of cotton, or synthetic material. skins they are cut to serve in the ski and are imprisoned with a substance similar to glue that it allows that you removes them and arrests again, without leaving residues.

In the parts most difficult of the scaling, over all in the start, when the skis are made unusable because of the melted snow, skins they can not be enough. Then, you can use paved snow or to arrest cramps (iron hook) in its boots of ski, that are especially in the steep hillsides.

Although this is the basic equipment for ski touring, in the next section we will see some other item of security that can be useful in the mountain.

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